|
He began his eminent military career in 1902 when he enlisted in the Hungarian territorial reserve, simultaneously studying law at Budapest University. On the death of Emperor Franz Joseph he became commander of the Hungarian front line forces during World War I, reconquering the eastern part of Siebenburgen and initiated the negotiations for a cease-fire. In October of 1918, he was named Regent of Hungary by the Emperor Charles I, but his efforts for forming a government were overturned by the onset of the October 31st Revolution, whereupon he retired to his Alcsut estate.
During the so-called "Traitor Republic," due to his great
popularity, Archduke Joseph was put under surveillance while remaining at
Alcsut. In August of 1919 he succeeded in becoming the Regent of Hungary but
was compelled to resign within two months because the Allied Forces would not
allow a Hapsburg to hold a commanding position in Hungary. In late 1944 he
emigrated to the United States and returned to Europe to live with his sister,
Princess Margaret von Thurn und Taxis, and published several memoirs and
historical studies. He died in 1962, not completely removed from politics,
having become a member of the Upper House soon after its restoration.
It is thought that at some point he gave the diamond to his son, Joseph
Francis (1895-1957). Minutes taken on June 1st, 1933 record that the diamond,
at the time belonging to Archduke Joseph, was at the time deposited with the
Hungarian General Credit Bank in the presence of a state counselor. Three years
later the diamond was sold to a European banker who kept it in a safe deposit
box in France during World War II, where it fortunately escaped the attention
of the Nazis.
The location of this stone remained a mystery until it came up for auction in
London in June, 1961. At the time it was believed to be the largest loose fine
quality diamond ever to have been auctioned in Great Britain, but it was
withdrawn from the sale when the bidding stopped at £145,000. Later it was
reported that a syndicate of Hatton Garden buyers had made an unsuccessful bid
for the diamond. It came up for sale again at Christie's in Geneva in November
of 1993, when it was sold for $6,487,945. The diamond originally weighed
78.54 carats but was slightly recut in the late-1990's by Molina Fine Jewelers
down to its present 76.45-carat weight. The diamond has been graded as
being Internally Flawless. Sources: Famous Diamonds by Ian Balfour, and
various magazine articles.
The biggest trend for the jewelry industry, however, was the number of
designer jewelers who made it into the Oscar spotlight. Alfredo Molina of
Molina Fine Jewelers, Phoenix, AZ, scored when when actress Laura Harring
wore his necklace featuring the $25 million Archduke Joseph diamond, a
76.45-ct. gem dating to the 17th century and ranked as the world’s 12th
largest perfect white diamond.
April 5, 2002
Celine Dion to Wear Molina Necklace
On April 7, Celine Dion's televised comeback special will feature a
special guest in the finale: the $25 million Archduke Joseph diamond, a
76.45-ct. gem dating to the 17th century and ranked as the world's 12th
largest perfect white diamond. It will be in a necklace created with 57
Millennium diamonds by Molina Fine Jewelers, Phoenix, AZ. The
necklace includes 73.15 carats of diamonds and designed so that the
Archduke Joseph diamond could be inserted or removed. The Archduke
Joseph diamond is for sale at Molina Fine Jewelers.
The television special, which airs on CBS at 8 p.m. E.S.T., features many
songs from Dion's new release, "A New Day Has Come," as well as
songs from previous albums. "The elegance of the Archduke Joseph
diamond mirrors the beauty and clarity of Celine's voice," says
Alfredo J. Molina, president of Molina Fine Jewelers.
The Archduke Joseph diamond is a Type IIa diamond, a diamond type which
represents less than 1% of all diamonds. It originated in the Golconda
mines of India – diamonds mined there were noteworthy for their
limpidity or clarity. The diamond takes its name from onetime owner
Archduke Joseph August (1872-1962), prince of the Hungarian line of the
Hapsburg dynasty.
Erzherzog Joseph Ferdinand
Erzherzog Joseph Ferdinand was born on the 24th of May 1872. He was the
son of Ferdinand IV, the last Grand Duke of Tuscany and his second wife -
Alice of Bourbon-Parma. As the fourth of a total of ten children he grew
up in exile in Salzburg as a member of the house of Habsburg-Toskana.
Following numerous scandals, the eldest son, Archduke Leopold Ferdinand
withdrew from the house of Habsburg and adopted the name Leopold Wölfling.
Joseph Ferdinand as the now eldest son of the Toskana family branch did
not take up the title as a Grand Duke of Tuscany, a title his father still
held.
Erzherzog Joseph Ferdinand attended the military
Oberrealchule at Mährisch-Weißenkirchen and after that the Theresian
military academy at Wiener-Neustadt from which he was commissioned as a
Leutnant in the Tyrolean Jäger regiment on the 18th of August 1892.
Following various assignments with infantry regiments 93, 17, 59 and the
4th regiment of Tyrolean Jägers he was attached to infantry regiment
number 27 as an Oberstleutnant in 1903. From 1895 until 1897 he had
attended the Kriegsschule in Vienna and from 1905 until 1908 he commanded
infantry regiment 93 as an Oberst followed by command of the 5th infantry
brigade.
His service was more and more interrupted with leave
with which the enthusiastic hunter availed himself with hunting trips
abroad. A further interest of the Prince was air travel. He had already
concerned himself with balloon travel and in 1909 flew from his home in
Linz with his own balloon to Dieppe in France in 16 hours.
In January 1911 Erzherzog Joseph Ferdinand received
command of the 3rd infantry division in Linz followed shortly afterwards
by his promotion to Feldmarschall-Leutnant on the 1st of May 1911. At the
outbreak of war the Archduke received his first corps command, that of the
14th Corps having been promoted in the meantime to General der Infanterie.
He was simultaneously the defence commander of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg
and the commanding general at Innsbruck. With his 14th corps, with which
many elite regiments were to be found, he fought on the eastern front in
the Autumn of 1914 as a group commander. In support of General
Auffenberg's army, he attacked successfully in the bend of the river Bug
and fought at Komarów, Zamosc and Rava Ruska. Following the relief of
General Auffenberg he was at first provisionally appointed to command the
4th army on the 10th of September 1914 followed by permanent command on
the 9th of November 1915.
With the 4th army he took part in the bloody winter
campaign in the Carpathian mountains and the successful spring offensive
of 1915 at Gorlice-Tarnów. Following the breakthrough of the Russian
front at Gorlice and the battle of Krasnik he entered Lublin as it's
conqueror. Following the fall of the fortress at Brest-Litovsk on the 26th
of August 1915, the high command attempted a continuation of the offensive
which however failed and compelled a retreat to behind the river Styr. On
this line the front was finally stabilised and in more than six months
well constructed, even comfortable positions were constructed. Above all
the sanitary conditions were improved through the Archduke's influence.
With his promotion on the 26th of February 1916 he had finally reached the
rank of Generaloberst.
Up to this point the Archduke's career had been
successful. He was now to be judged as one of those mainly responsible for
the so-called catastrophe at Luck in June 1916. The Russians had planned
for some time a great attack in July 1916 against the central powers. At
the insistence of the French and Italian politicians this was however
brought forward. The main reason was the German offensive at Verdun and
the Austro-Hungarian offensive in the Trentino in Italy. The Russian
offensive was to provide relief for these two fronts. The central powers
could not naturally fail to anticipate the Russian offensive preparations
but put their trust in the well constructed positions and the battle
experience of the available troops. The four armies of General Brusilov's
South Western front attacked on a wide front. General Kaledin's 8th army
had the mission to lead the attack against the Austro-Hungarian 4th army.
Through individual initiative and without particular reinforcement
Brusilov's troops attacked on the 4th of June 1916. Already in the first
days of the offensive the Russians succeeded in a deep penetration of the
Austro-Hungarian positions at Olyka. Prolonged Russian artillery fire had
to a large extent destroyed the trenches of the Austro-Hungarian infantry
and made a surprise Russian penetration into the defensive system
possible. Extremely severe casualties and a high number of losses through
capture forced the 4th army to retreat to a defensive position further to
the west. Already by the 10th of June the Russians, ever pressing forward,
crossed the Styr. They had penetrated the Austro-Hungarian positions to a
width of 85 km and to a depth of 48 km. In increasing measure the
commanders were becoming ever more nervous and the troops showing signs of
discouragement. Some regiments of Slav nationality especially were only
putting up limited resistance against the Russians. In eventful fighting,
however the German and Austro-Hungarian troops managed to consolidate the
strongly shaken front around the end of July 1916 so that the danger of a
Russian breakthrough of war winning decisiveness was eliminated.
The army group commander Generaloberst Linsingen
blamed the command of the 4th army in numerous dispatches to the AOK at
Teschen for the breakdown in the leadership of the troops and with this
judgment the immediate relief of the Archduke of his command of 4th army
was obtained from the Kaiser by the 7th of June. Further
investigations were carried out to clarify the precise question of blame.
In a report by the chief of staff of the 4th army, Josef Ferdinand was
indeed relieved of much of the blame. However his name remained associated
with much of the leadership and a considerable part of the public with the
defeat at Luck. Kaiser Franz would not protect the Archduke just because
he was a member of the royal dynasty in deference to public opinion.
Following the accession to the throne of Kaiser Karl
in November 1916, the new Kaiser wished to reemploy Erzherzog Joseph
Ferdinand in the post of General-Inspektor der Luftfahrtruppen (general
inspector of the air force). To this appointment the Archduke would bring
his long experience through his association with ballooning to the post.
The AOK immediately objected to the appointment but despite their
reservations the Archduke was finally appointed to his new post on the 8th
of July 1917 and in which he remained until the 3rd of September 1918.
Following the collapse of the monarchy the Archduke
remained in Austria and on account of that had to publicly renounce his
membership of the house of Habsburg. He married his first wife, the
commoner Rosa Jockl in 1921 and lived at Mondsee. After his separation to
his first wife he married again in 1928 a wife not in keeping with his
social status - Gertrude Tomanke Edle von Bayerfels. After the Anschluß
of March 1938 Joseph Ferdinand was taken into protective custody by organs
of the NSDAP on the 10th and remained under house arrest until the 25th of
March under SA guard. Finally he was taken to the concentration camp at
Dachau and placed in solitary confinement and only released, it is
alleged at the intervention of Hermann Göring with whom the family had
been friendly, on the 4th of April. Joseph Ferdinand was therefore the
only member of the house of Habsburg who had been held in a concentration
camp. He died on the 25th of August 1942 in Vienna.
|
The Archduke Joseph Diamond
