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Ruby
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by Robert Webster, Peter Read
Gem & Jewelry Pocket Guide:
A Traveler's Guide to Buying Diamonds, Colored Gems, Pearls, Gold and Platinum Jewelry
by Renee Newman
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Sapphire
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SAPPHIRE, the non-red variety of corundum
VARIETY INFORMATION:
VARIETY OF: Corundum , Al2O3 .
USES: Gemstone.
BIRTHSTONE FOR: September
COLOR: various colors, except for red.
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.76 - 1.78
BIREFRINGENCE: 0.009
HARDNESS: 9
CLEAVAGE: none, although there is a rhombic parting
CRYSTAL SYSTEM: trigonal
PLEOCHROIC: strongly
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We sell natural sapphire mineral Specimens
For jewelry, visit our Affiliates
Sapphire is the non-red variety of corundum, the second hardest natural mineral known to mankind. The red variety of corundum is Ruby. Sapphires are well known among the general public as being blue, but it can be nearly any color, even
colorless. White (or colorless but massive) sapphire would more properly be called corundum. The blue color is by far the most popular color for sapphire but orange-pink, golden, white, and even black have generated much interest in the gem trade. Oriented rutile crystal inclusions cause a six-pointed-star light effect (called asterism to form the popular Star Sapphire.
Many of the finest watches have crystal faces made of artificial sapphire - these are extremely durable and scratch resistant. |
| Gemstone |
Composition |
Crystal System |
Density |
Hardness |
Refractive index |
Treatments |
| Sapphire |
Al2O3 |
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Garnet Group
Almandite
Andradite
Grossular
Pyrope
Spessartite
Uvaravite |
Tsavorite is often confused with:
Peridot
Demantoid
Emerald
Tourmaline
Glass
Plastic
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